Hamdard Educus

Imam Ahmad Raza Khan's Kanzul Iman: A Scholarly Examination of its Contribution to Quranic Translation in the Context of Indian Subcontinent

2026-06-07T08:24:35+00:00

Imam Ahmad Raza Khan translation of the Quran, Kanzul Iman (Treasury of Faith) is one of the most significant pieces of work in the field of Quranic exegesis and translation in the South Asian Islamic tradition. This translation of the Urdu was done in 1911 and over the last hundred years it has played a major role in creating awareness in religions, understanding of the scriptures, and Godly conduct among South Asian Muslims. The paper is a critical analysis of Kanzul Iman in terms of its idiosyncratic linguistic correctness, theological and spiritual eloquence. It was issued at a very opportune moment when Islamic scholarship started to emerge in the early twentieth century, and the Urdu edition enables such that the accessibility of the sacred Arabic text may be accomplished without modifying the orthodox Sunni interpretative system. The work refers to a lot of knowledge that Imam Raza Khan had concerning the classical Islamic sciences and the willingness to preserve the orthodoxy of the theology and make sure that the Quran is comprehensible to the Urdu faithful. By combining both traditional commentary and easily accessible and respectful language, Kanzul Iman has left a tremendous mark on the study of the Quran, religious practices and religious thought not only in South Asia but also elsewhere. Applying an analysis of this article in terms of texts, historical contextualization and analysis of scholarly reception, one can illuminate on the fact that the translation has continued to hold its role in preserving the intellectual and spiritual essence of Islam in the region and its applicability to contemporary Muslim communities.

Gaps Between Intended and Implemented Curriculums in Secondary Schools- A Dilemma for Curriculum Developers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2026-06-15T05:09:28+00:00

The main purpose of the study was to find out the gaps between the intended and implemented curriculum in secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The research shows that a gap exists between the intended and implemented curriculums, necessitating detection of the reasons, factors, challenges and problems, and thus proposed solutions of the problems. The research objectives were formulated to analyze the key differences between the intended and implemented curriculum in secondary schools, explore teachers’ perspectives on challenges in implementing the curriculum and to identify the factors influencing the implementation. A multiple method qualitative approach comprised of thematic and comparative studies of curriculum documents and an open/semi-open interview were used for a comprehensive understanding of the problems. A purposive sampling technique was used to select sample for the interview. Findings of the study showed that teachers has a clear understanding of intended and implemented curriculum, similarly finding showed that gaps between intended and implemented curriculum is due to lack of teachers’ training on curriculum, relevant teaching methodology and the subject knowledge, besides unavailability of resources, time-constraints, non-observance on students teachers ratio(STR), English as medium of instruction affecting rural areas schools, students’ absenteeism and non-provision of professional teachers. It is recommended that all kinds of soft and hard facilities, comprehensive teachers training, revising contents of English, Mathematics and Science as required and boosting poor students through scholarships, thereby enabling the curriculum to be aligned for effective and successful implementation in the field.

Gender Ideology and Inequality in Pakistani English Textbooks: A Critical Discourse Analysis within the South Asian Educational Context

2026-06-25T06:09:58+00:00

The paper is a critical case study of a lesson that was chosen, Gender Inequality and Implications, contained in one of the Grade 12 English textbooks published by the Khyber Pakhtunkhaw (KPK) Federal Board. The lesson is discussed as a critical case since it offers a strategic position in studying how patriarchal ideologies are discursively constructed, even in the material that is allegedly discussing inequality. The work examines language, images, and narrative patterns in the work through the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), or rather the model of Critical Language Studies formulated by Fairclough. According to the findings, women, as opposed to men, are largely depicted as emotional, submissive, and morally obligated. Institutionalised gender inequality recreates these representations and normalizes patriarchs of power relations in education. This paper states that the concepts of patriarchy are still perpetuated by the Pakistani education systems and needs to be changed to gender-sensitive curriculums that would encourage equal representation and social consciousness.

Early Marriage –A Barrier to Girls’ Education at Secondary Level in Tribal District Mohmand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2026-06-10T07:52:23+00:00

This study explored the factors responsible for early marriage in tribal district Mohmand of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The main objectives of the study were to assess factors responsible for early marriage in tribal district Mohmand, to identify the effects of early marriage on girls’ education in tribal district Mohmand, to propose the strategies which can mitigate this practice of early marriage in tribal district Mohmand. Single-method design was used. Qualitative approach was used. Semi-structure interview was used for data collection. Population was all the female students who were studying in schools and at the meantime, they were married in early age and due to this marriage, they left the school in tribal district Mohmand. Purposive sampling technique was used. A sample of thirty female students was taken from three tehsils of tribal district Mohmand for this study. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. It was found that majority of the girls responded that the main factors of our early marriage were poverty, socio-cultural norms and illiteracy of parents. Similarly, majority of the girls responded that after marriage, they were compelled to leave school. They proposed that parents and community may be given awareness in this regard and early marriage may be banned. It was recommended that government and other non-government organizations may take steps for convincing them to stop early marriage so that these girls may complete their education.

Linguistic Imperialism on Instagram in Pakistan: A Study of English Dominance and Its Impact on Indigenous Languages

2026-06-20T04:35:00+00:00

Linguistic imperialism is defined as the supremacy, dominance, and to the imposition of a powerful language over the other languages, often resulting from control, power dynamics, colonization, and cultural hegemony. The aim of this is to study explore this phenomenon on Instagram, with the focus on English language dominance and its impacts on indigenous languages in the online interactions among young female students in Pakistan. By the use of a qualitative triangulation that combines netnographic observation and semi-structured interviews, the study analyzes the Instagram activity of 20 female undergraduate students at Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University (BNBWU), Sukkur. Over observation period from May to September, 100 Instagram captions, stories, and comments were gathered, and analyzed, and codified. The findings highlighted a clear dominance of English (76%), limited use of Urdu (13%), some code-mixing (11%), and a complete absence of regional languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, and Balochi (0%). Interview responses revealed that English is preferred for its perceived global reach, wider audience reach, modernity, visibility and association with education and status, while indigenous languages are viewed as less prestigious, less visible and unsuitable for public digital expression. These patterns reflect how Instagram not only reflects but also enforces linguistic hierarchies rooted in colonial legacies. The platform's design, user trends, and engagement algorithms also appear to contribute to the marginalization of indigenous languages, creating a form of digital linguistic imperialism. The study concludes that without conscious efforts to promote linguistic diversity online; through education, inclusive platform policies, and public awareness, local languages may continue to lose visibility and cultural significance in Pakistan’s digital future.